Folio 65aHE MUST THEN SEARCH BEYOND FOR A DISTANCE OF TWENTY CUBITS.1 IF HE FINDS A SINGLE [CORPSE] AT THE END OF TWENTY CUBITS, HE MUST SEARCH BEYOND FOR ANOTHER TWENTY CUBITS. THE REASON2 IS THAT THERE IS [NOW] A PRESUMPTION,3 WHEREAS IF HE HAD FOUND IT FIRST, HE WOULD HAVE BEEN ABLE TO REMOVE IT TOGETHER WITH THE SOIL IT OCCUPIES.4
GEMARA. Rab Judah said: IF A MAN FINDS, but not if [he knows] it is to be found there;5 A CORPSE, but not one who had been killed;6 LYING, but not seated;7 IN THE USUAL POSITION, but not with its head lying between its thighs.7 'Ulla b. Hanina taught: A defective corpse8 does not acquire the ground it occupies, nor does it help to form a graveyard site. Why does not [the law of the Mishnah] apply to all these? — Because we say that perhaps it is [the body of] a heathen.9 If he finds two [corpses] with the head of one beside the feet of the second, and the head of the second beside the feet of the first, they do not acquire the soil which they occupy and do not help to form a graveyard site.10 If he finds three [corpses] one of which was known to be there while the others [were found] for the first time, or if two [were found] for the first time and two were known [to be there] they do not acquire the soil they occupy11 and do not form a graveyard site. It is related that R. Yeshobab once searched [a certain spot] and found two [bodies] which were known to be there and one [which was discovered] for the first time, and he wanted to declare them a graveyard site.12 R. Akiba said to him: All your trouble was for nothing. [The Rabbis] did not declare a graveyard site save where three [corpses] were known to be there, or three [were found] for the first time.13 [IF HE FINDS] TWO, HE MAY REMOVE THEM TOGETHER WITH THE SOIL THEY OCCUPY: Where is this law of the soil [a corpse] occupies to be found?14 — R. Judah said: The verse says, Thou shalt carry me out of Egypt,15 [signifying] carry with me [some Egyptian soil].16 And what is the quantity of earth] which it occupies? — R. Eleazar17 explained that he takes the loose earth18 and digs up three finger-breadths of the virgin soil.19 The following objection was raised — [It has been taught:] And what quantity [of earth] are we to understand by 'the ground which it occupies?' R. Eleazar b. R. Zadok explained that he takes the chips [of the coffin]20 and the lumps of earth,21 discarding what certainly [did not belong to the body] and leaving whatever was doubtful [for removal].22 The remainder adds together to form the major part of the structure of the corpse, the quarter [kab] of bones and the spoonful of corpse — mould?23 — [R. Eleazar] agrees with the following Tanna. For it has been taught: What quantity of [earth is meant by] 'the ground which it occupies?' R. Johanan,24 citing Ben 'Azzai, said: He takes the loose earth and digs up three finger-breadths of virgin soil. HE MUST THEN SEARCH BEYOND IT:
Nazir 65bRaba said: If he searched, [found a corpse]1 and removed it, searched [again and found another] and removed it, [and then] searched [again] and found [a third corpse], he must not remove this one [for reburial] with the other two,2 nor the other two [for reburial] with this one.3Others say that Raba said: As permission had been given to remove [the others],4 he may remove them [all].5 But why should not [the field] become a graveyard site?6 — Resh Lakish said: [The Rabbis] seized upon any pretext to declare the Land of Israel clean.7 Suppose he searched [beyond it]8 for twenty cubits [in one direction only]9 and did not find [another corpse], what is the law?10 — R. Monashya b. Jeremiah, citing Rab, replied: This is the graveyard site.11 What is the reason [that we say this?]12 — Resh Lakish said: They seized on any pretext to declare the Land of Israel clean.
MISHNAH. EVERY DOUBTFUL CASE OF [LEPROUS] DISEASE13 ENCOUNTERED FOR THE FIRST TIME BEFORE UN CLEANNESS HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED14 IS CLEAN.15 AFTER UNCLEANNESS HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED DOUBTFUL CASES ARE UNCLEAN.16
GEMARA. How do we know this?17 — Rab Judah citing Rab, said: The verse says, to pronounce it clean, or to pronounce it unclean.18 Scripture mentions cleanness first.19 In that case even after uncleanness has been established, doubtful cases should be clean?20 — We must therefore say that this dictum of Rab, quoted by R. Judah was uttered in connection with the following.21 [A Mishnah says:] If the bright spot22 appears before the white hair,23 he is unclean, but if the white hair appears before the bright spot he is clean. If there is a doubt, he is unclean. R. Joshua said: It is doubtful.24 What is meant by 'it is doubtful'? — Rab Judah25 replied: It is doubtful and [consequently] clean.26 May it not mean that it is doubtful and [consequently] unclean? — Rab Judah citing Rab said: The verse says, to pronounce it clean, or to pronounce it unclean;27 Scripture mentions cleanness first.28
MISHNAH. A PERSON SUFFERING FROM A FLUX IS EX AMINED REGARDING SEVEN THINGS,29 BEFORE THE PRESENCE OF GONORRHOEA HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED,30 VIZ.: — WITH REGARD TO FOOD,31 DRINK, BURDENS,32 LEAPING,33 SICKNESS, A VISION34 OR AN IMPURE THOUGHT.35 ONCE GONORRHOEA IS ESTABLISHED, HE IS NO LONGER EXAMINED. [FLUX RESULTING] FROM AN ACCIDENT36 TO HIM, DOUBTFUL [FLUX].37 AND HIS ISSUE OF SEMEN ARE UNCLEAN, FOR THERE IS A PRESUMPTION [OF UNCLEANNESS].38 IF A MAN GIVES ANOTHER A BLOW FROM WHICH HE WAS EXPECTED TO DIE AND HE PARTIALLY RECOVERED AND THEN GREW WORSE AND DIED [THE OTHER] IS LIABLE [FOR MURDER]. R. NEHEMIAH EXEMPTS HIM SINCE THERE IS A PRESUMPTION [IN HIS FAVOUR].39
GEMARA. How do we know this?40 — Nathan said: The verse says. And of the gonorrhoeic41 that have the issue,42 [whether it be a man or a woman].43 [The male] at his third experience of issue is compared to the female.44 But have we not been taught: R. Eliezer Says: At the third [issue] we examine him but not at the fourth?45 In point of fact they disagree on [the question of stressing the particle] 'the'.46 R. Eliezer lays stress on [the particle] 'the', whilst the Rabbis do not do so. [FLUX RESULTING] FROM AN ACCIDENT TO HIM, DOUBTFUL FLUX:
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