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Babylonian Talmud: Tractate KethubothIf so,1 what [do the words of R. Jose mean] 'Great is the presumption'?2 — Till now3 they ate [only] Rabbinical terumah.4 [and] now they ate Biblical terumah.5 And if you wish, you may say: now also they ate Rabbinical terumah6 [and] did not eat Biblical terumah,7 and when does one raise [a person] from terumah to the status of a priest. In the case of Biblical terumah, but in the case of Rabbinical terumah one does not raise. If so,8 what [is the meaning of the words] 'Great is the presumption'?9 — Although one might have forbidden [Rabbinical terumah] because of Biblical terumah,10 this has not been forbidden. But did they not eat Biblical terumah? Surely it is written: 'that they should not eat of the most holy things', [implying] 'the most holy things' they did not eat, but Biblical terumah they did eat! — [No]. He means thus: Neither [may they eat] anything that is called 'holy thing's11 as it is written: 'And no stranger shall eat of the holy thing', nor anything which is called 'holy thing'. for it is written: 'And if a priest's daughter be married into a stranger. she shall not eat of the peace-offering of the holy things'12 — and a Master said: [that this means] that which has been set aside from the holy things she shall not eat.13 Come and hear: A presumption for the priesthood is constituted by the 'lifting up of the hands' in Babylonia, and the eating of the hallah14 in Syria, and taking a share in [the priestly] gifts15 in large cities.16 In any case he mentions [here] the 'lifting up of the hands'; is it not with regard to the full status of the priest?17 — No, with regard to terumah.18 But he teaches [the ruling regarding terumah] as analogous to the eating of hallah,' just as the eating of hallah [entitles a person] to the full status of a priest, so does the lifting up of the hands [entitle a person] to the full status of a priest? — No. the eating of the hallah itself merely [serves as evidence] regarding terumah, [for] he holds that hallah in our days19 is Rabbinical and terumah is Biblical and one raises [a person] from Rabbinical hallah to Biblical terumah.20 and [it is] as R. Huna. the son of R. Joshua. reversed [the words of] the Rabbis.21 Come and hear: A presumption for the priesthood is [constituted by] the 'lifting up of the hands' and taking a share [at the distribution of the [priestly gifts] at the threshing floors22 in the Land of Israel;23 in Syria and in all places to which the messengers of the new moon come24 the 'lifting up of the hands' is evidence, but not taking a share at the threshing floors.25 Babylonia is like Syria. R. Simeon b. Gamaliel, says: Also Alexandria in Egypt formerly. because there was there a permanent court of law.26 In any case he teaches [here] the 'lifting up of the hands'; is it not with regard to the full status of the priest? — No, with regard to hallah. But he teaches [the rule regarding the lifting up of the hands] as analogous to taking a share at the threshing floors: just as taking a share at the threshing floors [serves as evidence] in respect of the status of a priest, so does the 'lifting up of the hands' [serve] in respect of the status of a priest! — No, taking a share at the threshing floors itself [serves as evidence only as] to hallah, for he holds that terumah in our days is Rabbinical and hallah is Biblical and one raises [a person] from Rabbinical terumah to Biblical hallah, even as the Rabbis. whom R. Huna the son of R. Joshua found [in discourse]. For R. Huna, the son of R. Joshua, found the Rabbis in the School of Rab sitting27 and saying: Even according to him who says that terumah in these days is Rabbinical. hallah is Biblical, for during the seven [years] that they28 conquered [the Land] and during the seven [years] that they distributed [it]29 there was a duty upon them [to separate] hallah, but there was no duty upon them [to separate] terumah. And I said to them: On the contrary, even according to him who says [that] terumah in these days is Biblical, hallah is Rabbinical, for it has been taught: [It is written:] 'In your coming'.30 If 'in your coming'31 you might think as soon as two or three spies had entered it? [Therefore] it is said in your coming'.32 I have spoken of the coming of all and not of the coming of a portion of you. Now when Ezra brought them up33
Kethuboth 25bnot all of them went up.1 Come and hear: A presumption for the priesthood [is constituted by] the 'lifting up of the hands' and taking a share at the threshing floors and testimony.2 Now is testimony a presumption?3 Hence he means thus: The 'lifting up of the hands is like a testimony'; as a testimony [raises one] to the status of a priest, so the 'lifting up of the hands' [raises one] to the status of a priest!4 — No. [what it means is] a testimony that comes on the strength of a presumption5 is like a presumption. as when a man came once before R. Ammi [and] said to him: I am convinced that he6 is a priest. So he said to him: What have you seen? And he answered him: He read first in the Synagogue.7 — As8 priest or as prominent man?9 — After him a Levite read.10 And R. Ammi raised him to the priesthood on the strength of his testimony.11 Someone came before R. Joshua b. Levi, [and] said to him: am convinced that he12 is a Levite. He said to him: What have you seen? He answered him: He read second in the Synagogue. As Levite or as a prominent man? — A priest read before him.13 And R. Joshua b. Levi raised him to the status of Levite14 on the strength of his testimony. Someone came once before Resh Lakish [and] said to him: I am convinced that he15 is a priest. He 'said to him: What have you seen? [He answered him:] He read first in the Synagogue. He16 asked him: Have you seen him take a share at the threshing floors?17 — Said R. Eleazar to him. And does the priesthood cease if there Is no threshing floor there?18 — Once they sat before R. Johanan [and] there came such a case before them. Resh Lakish asked him:19 Have you seen him take a share at the threshing floor? So R. Johanan said to him: And does the priesthood cease if there is no threshing floor there? — He20 turned round, looked at R. Eleazar with displeasure21 and said: You have heard something from the smith's son22 and you did not say it to us in his name.23 Rabbi and R. Hiyya, one raised a son to the priesthood on the testimony of his father, and one raised a brother to the state of Levite on the testimony of his brother. It can be proved that it was Rabbi who raised the son to the priesthood on the testimony of his father, for it has been taught: If one comes and says: 'This Is my son and he is a priest,' he is believed with regard to allowing him to eat terumah, but he is not believed with regard to allowing him to marry a woman.24 This is the opinion25 of Rabbi. Said R. Hiyya to him: If you believe him so as to allow him to eat terumah, believe him [also] so as to allow him to marry a woman, and if you do not believe him so as to allow him to marry a woman, do not believe him also as to allow him to eat terumah. He answered him: I believed him so as to allow him to eat terumah because it is In his hands to let him eat terumah,26 but I do not believe him so as to allow him to marry a woman because it is not in his hands to let him marry a woman.27 It' is proved.28 And since it was Rabbi who raised the son to the priesthood on the testimony of his father, [it follows that] it was R. Hiyya who raised the brother to the status of Levite on the testimony of his brother, But [according to] R. Hiyya, why is the son different that [he is] not [raised]?29 Because he is related to his father. A brother. too, is related to his brother?30 — - To Next Folio -
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